The pie chart shows the percentage of macro nutrients you're getting. What that means is what percentage of your calories come from which nutrients. The big 3 macros are carbs, protein, fat ... and they're usually in that order, so when someone says 40/30/30, they mean 40% of your calories come from carbs, 30% from protein, and 30% from fat.
A lot of people who are working out a lot, especially those who are weight lifting, try to get more protein. And a lot of people think that more protein is better for weight loss. (I happen to agree with both of those things and find that I lose weight more consistently and my workouts seem to be easier and more productive when I'm eating more protein.)
So my goal is to achieve more of a 40/35/25 ratio. If I achieve that, it means I usually consume around 120g of protein per day. I don't always get there - usually I fall somewhere between 100-120.
Now, those numbers are DIFFERENT from the USDA recommendation for protein (Recommended Daily Allowance, or RDA). The USDA RDA is something like .8 grams for every 1kg of weight. So if you weigh 160 lbs, the USDA recommendation is 58g of protein per day. Obviously, those of us who are aiming for a 30% or more ratio are getting a lot more protein than that. And if you consume more than that 58g per day, then you're getting more than 100% of your RDA. I generally get between 200% and 211% of my RDA.
So you can see that's where the two percentages are different: If I get 35% of my calories from protein, I'm consuming about 210% of the RDA for protein.
Some people think that eating too much protein is unhealthy. The studies that I have seen (and I've done some extensive research on this) show that *if* you have kidney disease or if you are prone to kidney disease, eating too much protein *might* cause problems. People who have kidney issues should monitor their protein very carefully with their doctors. But for people who do not have any kidney issues, studies have not shown that any damage is caused by eating too much protein.
And, some people think that even the RDA is too much protein and that the figure is "pushed" by the meat and ranching lobby. I personally disagree with this, simply because there are ways to get protein other than meat. But that's probably another thread entirely.
It can be a controversial topic, to be honest. But I think you'll find that many of us here (not all of us, for sure) do believe that eating more protein is a good thing.