I think in the case of normal-weight and overweight individuals, there is evidence to support the theory that a body will adapt to moderate caloric restriction (I'm not talking about VLCD diets) through changing their resting metabolic rate and their output during exercise:
The abstract of the article is below:
http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v1...y2007354a.html
Note that this is for NON-OBESE individuals. I am OVERWEIGHT, and am one of many who have experience a weight loss plateau for no outwardly apparent reasons. I suspect that the same can happen for someone who is more than overweight, but this is greatly debated.
If it DOESN'T happen, how do people who intentionally calorie restrict (eat 30% fewer calories than their maintenance caloric intake) expect to live longer? And none of them die from starvation. Their bodies adapt. In fact, there was a recent study on monkeys that showed that moderate calorie restriction does indeed increase their life expectancies --the abstract of the article is below:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543259
And while these are indeed monkey studies, they are genetically close enough to humans to make researchers go Hmmmm...
Weight and weight management isn't necessarily linear. There are those who don't believe in weight loss plateaus or body adaptation to restricted calories. My experience kind of says otherwise, and I think there is evidence to support it.
PLEASE NOTE: I am NOT referring to those who severely calorie restrict or have eating disorders. These disorders ARE normally fatal because of the severe calorie restriction and resulting nutrient and mineral deficiencies. I am discussing the evidence that I found which relates to normal weight and overweight individuals. I personally believe that it can happen too, for more than overweight people. So don't hate!!!