You can start by doing that quad exercise, as you get stronger add a weight, then do it standing up by balancing on one leg, this way also works your core.
You can also work your quads and your whole leg with squats. Do a set of body weight squats, 10 or 12 reps, then do the above leg extension standing up. Alternate these two exercises and in no time you'll feel it.
Here's a nice site for
knee pain exercises
Hope this helps keep us posted on your progress...